Deposition on film-cooled turbine components was studied in an accelerated test facility. The accelerated deposition facility seeds a natural-gas burning combustor with finely ground coal ash particulate at and 180 m/s . Both cylindrical and shaped holes, with and without thermal barrier coating, were studied over a range of blowing ratios from 0.5 to 4.0. Coolant density ratios were maintained at values from 2.1 to 2.4. Deposition patterns generated with the cylindrical film cooling holes indicated regions of low deposition in the path of the coolant with heightened deposition between film holes. This distinctive pattern was more accentuated at higher blowing ratios. Optical temperature measurements of the turbine component surface during deposition showed elevated temperatures between coolant paths. This temperature nonuniformity became more accentuated as deposition increased, highlighting a mechanism for deposition growth that has been documented on in-service turbines as well. The shaped-hole components exhibited little or no deposition in the region just downstream of the holes due to the distributed coolant film. Close cylindrical hole spacing of 2.25d displayed similar behavior to the shaped-hole configuration.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
1.
Wenglarz
, R. A.
, 1992, “An Approach for Evaluation of Gas Turbine Deposition
,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
0742-4795, 114
(2
), pp. 230
–234
.2.
Wenglarz
, R. A.
, and Cohn
, A.
, 1983, “Turbine Deposition Evaluations Using Simplified Tests
,” ASME
Paper No. 83-GT-115.3.
Mulik
, P. R.
, Wenglarz
, R. A.
, Spengler
, C. J.
, and Whitlow
, G. A.
, 1985, “Coal-Derived Liquid Fuel Performance Under Gas Turbine Conditions
,” Energy Progress
, 5
(3
), pp. 136
–142
.4.
Rajan
, S.
, and Raghavan
, J. K.
, 1993, “Coal Mineral Matter Transformation During Combustion and Its Effects on Gas Turbine Blade Deposition and Erosion
,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
0742-4795, 115
, pp. 634
–640
.5.
Bons
, J. P.
, Taylor
, R.
, McClain
, S.
, and Rivir
, R. B.
, 2001, “The Many Faces of Turbine Surface Roughness
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
0889-504X, 123
, pp. 739
–748
.6.
Bons
, J. P.
, Wammack
, J. E.
, Crosby
, J.
, Fletcher
, D.
, and Fletcher
, T. H.
, 2006, “Evolution of Surface Deposits on a High Pressure Turbine Blade, Part II: Convective Heat Transfer
,” ASME Paper No. GT2006-91257.7.
Wenglarz
, R. A.
, and Fox
, R. G.
, Jr., 1990, “Physical Aspects of Deposition From Coal-Water Fuels Under Gas Turbine Conditions
,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
0742-4795, 112
(1
), pp. 9
–14
.8.
Crosby
, J. M.
, Lewis
, S.
, Bons
, J. P.
, Ai
, W.
, and Fletcher
, T. H.
, 2007, “Effects of Particle Size, Gas Temperature, and Metal Temperature on High Pressure Turbine Deposition in Land Based Gas Turbines From Various Synfuels
,” ASME Paper No. GT2007-27531.9.
Jensen
, J. W.
, Squire
, S. W.
, Bons
, J. P.
, and Fletcher
, T. H.
, 2005, “Simulated Land-Based Turbine Deposits Generated in an Accelerated Deposition Facility
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
0889-504X, 127
, pp. 462
–470
.10.
Kim
, J.
, Dunn
, M. G.
, Baran
, A. J.
, Wade
, D. P.
, and Tremba
, E. L.
, 1993, “Deposition of Volcanic Materials in the Hot Sections of Two Gas Turbine Engines
,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
0742-4795, 115
(3
), pp. 641
–651
.11.
Krishnan
, V.
, Kapat
, J. S.
, Sohn
, Y. H.
, and Desai
, V. H.
, 2003, “Effect of Film Cooling on Low Temperature Hot Corrosion in a Coal Fired Gas Turbine
,” ASME Paper No. GT2003-38593.12.
Smialek
, J. L.
, Archer
, F. A.
, and Garlick
, R. G.
, 1992, “The Chemistry of Saudi Arabian Sand: A Deposition Problem on Helicopter Turbine Airfoils
,” SAMPE
, Vol. 3
, M92–M101, pp. 63
–77
.13.
Toriz
, F. C.
, Thakker
, A. B.
, and Gupta
, S. K.
, 1988, “Thermal Barrier Coatings for Jet Engines
,” ASME Paper No. 88-GT-279.14.
Wenglarz
, R. A.
, and Wright
, I. G.
, 2002, “Alternate Fuels for Land-Based Turbines
,” Proceedings of the “Workshop on Materials and Practices to Improve Resistance to Fuel Derived Environmental Damage in Land-and Sea-Based Turbines
,” Oct. 22–24, Colorado School of Mines
, Golden, CO
.15.
Bunker
, R. S.
, 2005, “A Review of Shaped Hole Turbine Film-Cooling Technology
,” ASME J. Heat Transfer
0022-1481, 127
(4
), pp. 441
–453
.16.
Barlow
, D. N.
, and Kim
, Y. W.
, 1995, “Effect of Surface Roughness on Local Heat Transfer and Film Cooling Effectiveness
,” ASME Paper No. 95-GT-14.17.
Goldstein
, R. J.
, Eckert
, E. R. G.
, Chiang
, H. D.
, and Elovic
, E.
, 1985, “Effect of Surface Roughness on Film Cooling Performance
,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
0742-4795, 107
, pp. 111
–116
.18.
Rutledge
, J. L.
, Robertson
, D.
, and Bogard
, D. G.
, 2005, “Degradation of Film Cooling Performance on a Turbine Vane Suction Side Due To Surface Roughness
,” ASME Paper No. GT2005-69045.19.
Schmidt
, D. L.
, Sen
, B.
, and Bogard
, D. G.
, 1996, “Effects of Surface Roughness on Film Cooling
,” ASME Paper No. 96-GT-299.20.
Cardwell
, N. D.
, Sundaram
, N.
, and Thole
, K. A.
, 2005, “Effects of Mid-Passage Gap, Endwall Misalignment and Roughness on Endwall Film-Cooling
,” ASME Paper No. GT2005-68900.21.
Demling
, P.
, and Bogard
, D. G.
, 2006, “The Effects of Obstructions on Film Cooling Effectiveness on the Suction Side of a Gas Turbine Vane
,” ASME Paper No. GT2006-90577.22.
Sundaram
, N.
, and Thole
, K. A.
, 2006, “Effects of Surface Deposition, Hole Blockage, and TBC Spallation on Vane Endwall Film-Cooling
,” ASME Paper No. GT2006-90379.23.
Bunker
, R. S.
, 2000, “Effect of Partial Coating Blockage on Film Cooling Effectiveness
,” ASME Paper No. 2000-GT-0244.24.
Bons
, J. P.
, Crosby
, J.
, Wammack
, J. E.
, Bentley
, B. I.
, and Fletcher
, T. H.
, 2007, “High-Pressure Turbine Deposition in Land-Based Gas Turbines From Various Synfuels
,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
0742-4795, 129
, pp. 135
–143
.25.
Svensson
, K. I.
, and Mackrory
, A. J.
, 2005, “Calibration of an RGB, CCD Camera and Interpretation of Its Two-Color Images for KL and Temperature
,” SAE International, Jan.26.
Crosby
, J. M.
, 2007, “Particle Size, Gas Temperature, and Impingement Cooling Effects on High Pressure Turbine Deposition in Land-Based Gas Turbines From Various Synfuels
,” MS thesis, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT.27.
Sundaram
, N.
, Barringer
, M. D.
, and Thole
, K. A.
, 2007, “Effects of Deposits on Film Cooling of a Vane Endwall Along the Pressure Side
,” ASME Paper No. GT2007-27131.Copyright © 2012
by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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