...Masahito Mochizuki; Masao Toyoda A welded joint generally has heterogeneity of strength, material, and fracture toughness. It is important to understand the characteristics of the strength and fracture of welded joints while considering the heterogeneous effect. In particular, the material behavior...

...Muhammad Abid; David H. Nash Performance of a bolted flange joint is characterized mainly due to its “strength” and “sealing capability.” A number of analytical and experimental studies have been conducted to study these characteristics only under internal pressure loading. A very limited work...