... while the outer wall stress is high. The layered vessel mechanics model is deduced to analyze the deviation. The inner shell is an external pressure vessel and the outer shell is the internal pressure vessel. The contact of the inner shell and the outer shell generates preload stress. The multilayer...

... benefit the structural design by providing, among others, consistent reliability levels for piping. For the development of such equations, not only the probabilistic characteristics of the design variables are needed, but also the quantification of the uncertainties introduced by the strength models...