Micromanipulators play an important role in the precision engineering field from optical stages to micro-electromechanical systems for their excellent performances. In this paper, a 6-DOF perpendicular parallel micromanipulator (PPMM) is proposed and its prototype is developed. The isotropy and decoupled characteristics of the 6-DOF PPMM are discussed. The relationship among input-force, payload, stiffness, and displacement (IPSD) of the 6-DOF PPMM is studied and the model of the relationship among the IPSD is derived in an analytical style. The relation between voltage value of piezoelectric actuator and output displacement is obtained base on an IPSD model. Finally, the simulations by finite element method and the test of the prototype of the 6-DOF PPMM are performed. Compared with the results of simulations and the test, the feasibility of IPSD model is verified. The proposed model is useful for both digital control of the 6-DOF PPMMs and design of the micromanipulators.

1.
Paros
,
J.
, and
Weisbord
,
L.
, 1965, “
How to Design Flexure Hinges
,”
Mach. Des.
0024-9114,
37
(
27
), pp.
151
157
.
2.
Smith
,
S. T.
,
Badami
,
V. G.
,
Dale
,
J. S.
, and
Xu
,
Y.
, 1997, “
Elliptical Flexure Hinges
,”
Rev. Sci. Instrum.
0034-6748,
68
(
3
), pp.
1474
1483
.
3.
Lobontiu
,
N.
,
Paine
,
J. S. N.
,
Garcia
,
E.
, and
Goldfarb
,
M.
, 2001, “
Corner-Filleted Flexure Hinges
,”
ASME J. Mech. Des.
0161-8458,
123
(
3
), pp.
346
352
.
4.
Furukawa
,
E.
, and
Mizuno
,
M.
, 1990, “
Displacement Amplification and Reduction by Means of Linkage
,”
Bull. Jpn. Soc. Precis. Eng.
0582-4206,
24
(
4
), pp.
285
290
.
5.
Lobontiu
,
N.
, and
Garcia
,
E.
, 2003, “
Two-Axis Flexure Hinges With Axially-Collocated and Symmetric Notches
,”
Comput. Struct.
0045-7949,
81
(
13
), pp.
1329
1341
.
6.
Lobontiu
,
N.
,
Paine
,
J. S. N.
,
Garcia
,
E.
, and
Goldfarb
,
M.
, 2002, “
Design of Symmetric Conic-Section Flexure Hinges Based on Closed-Form Compliance Equations
,”
Mech. Mach. Theory
0094-114X,
37
(
5
), pp.
477
498
.
7.
Kim
,
J. H.
,
Kim
,
S. H.
, and
Kwak
,
Y. K.
, 2003, “
Development of a Piezoelectric Actuator Using a Three-Dimensional Bridge-Type Hinge Mechanism
,”
Rev. Sci. Instrum.
0034-6748,
74
(
5
), pp.
2918
2924
.
8.
Park
,
S. R.
, and
Yang
,
S. H.
, 2005, “
A Mathematical Approach for Analyzing Ultra Precision Positioning System With Compliant Mechanism
,”
J. Mater. Process. Technol.
0924-0136,
164–165
, pp.
1584
1589
.
9.
Ellis
,
G. W.
, 1962, “
Piezoelectric Micromanipulators
,”
Science
0036-8075,
138
(
3537
), pp.
84
91
.
10.
Hara
,
A.
, and
Sugimoto
,
K.
, 1989, “
Synthesis of Parallel Micromanipulators
,”
ASME J. Mech., Transm., Autom. Des.
0738-0666,
111
(
1
), pp.
34
39
.
11.
Arai
,
T.
,
Stoughton
,
R.
, and
Jaya
,
Y. M.
, 1992, “
Micro Hand Module Using Parallel Link Mechanism
,”
Japan/USA Symposium on Flexible Automation
, San Francisco, CA, Vol.
1
, pp.
163
168
.
12.
Fukuda
,
T.
,
Fujiyoshi
,
M.
,
Arai
,
F.
, and
Matsuura
,
H.
, 1991, “
Design and Dextrous Control of Micromanipulator With 6 DOF
,”
Proceedings of 1991 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation
, Sacramento, CA, 2, pp.
1628
1633
.
13.
Grace
,
K. W.
,
Colgate
,
J. E.
,
Glucksberg
,
M. R.
, and
Chun
,
J. H.
, 1993, “
A Six Degree of Freedom Micromanipulator for Ophthalmic Surgery
,”
Proceeding of 1993 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation
, Atlanta, GA, pp.
630
635
.
14.
Hunter
,
I. W.
,
Lafontaine
,
S.
,
Nielsen
,
P. M. F.
,
Hunter
,
P. J.
, and
Hollerbach
,
J. M.
, 1990, “
Manipulation and Dynamic Mechanical Testing of Microscopic Objects Using a Tele-Micro-Robot System
,”
IEEE Control Syst. Mag.
0272-1708,
10
(
2
), pp.
3
9
.
15.
Tanikawa
,
T.
, and
Arai
,
T.
, 1999, “
Development of a Micro-Manipulation System Having a Two-Fingeredmicro-Hand
,”
IEEE J. Rob. Automation
,
15
(
1
), pp.
152
162
.
16.
Tanikawa
,
T.
,
Kawai
,
M.
,
Koyachi
,
N.
,
Arai
,
T.
,
Ide
,
T.
,
Kaneko
,
S.
,
Ohta
,
R.
, and
Hirose
,
T.
, 2001, “
Force Control System for Autonomous Micro Manipulation
,”
IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation
, Vol.
1
, pp.
610
615
.
17.
Pernette
,
E.
,
Henein
,
S.
,
Magnani
,
I.
, and
Clavel
,
R.
, 1997, “
Design of Parallel Robots in Microrobotics
,”
Robotica
0263-5747,
15
(
4
), pp.
417
420
.
18.
Kallio
,
P.
,
Lind
,
M.
,
Zhou
,
Q.
, and
Koivo
,
H. N.
, 1998, “
A 3 DOF Piezohydraulic Parallel Micromanipulator
,”
IEEE international Conference on Robotics and Automation
, pp.
1823
1828
.
19.
Hudgens
,
J. C.
, and
Tesar
,
D.
, 1988, “
A Fully-Parallel Six Degree-of-Freedom Micromanipulator: Kinematic Analysis and Dynamic Model
,” in
Proc. 20th Biennial ASME Mechanisms Conference on Trends and Development in Mechanism Machines and Robotics
, Vol.
15
, pp.
29
37
.
20.
Dong
,
W.
,
Du
,
Z.
,
Sun
,
L.
, and
Zhang
,
B.
, 2006, “
A Compliant Ultra-Precision 6-DOF Parallel Positioner Based on the Coarse/Fine Dual Architecture
,”
IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems
, pp.
488
492
.
21.
Chung
,
G. J.
, and
Choi
,
K. B.
, 2004, “
Development of Nano Order Manipulation System Based on 3-PPR Planar Parallel Mechanism
,”
Proceedings of the IEEE/ROBIO2004
, pp.
612
616
.
22.
Yao
Q.
,
Dong
J.
and
Ferreira
P.M.
, 2007, “
A Novel Parallel-Kinematics Mechanisms for Integrated, Multi-Axis Nanopositioing Part1: Kinematics and Design for Fabrication
,”
Precis. Eng.
0141-6359,
32
, pp.
20
33
.
23.
Dong
J.
,
Yao
Q.
, and
Ferreira
P.M.
, 2007, “
A Novel Parallel-Kinematics Mechanisms for Integrated, Multi-Axis Nanopositioing Part 2: Dynamics, Control and Performance Analysis
,”
Precis. Eng.
0141-6359,
32
, pp.
7
19
.
24.
Xu
,
Q.
, and
Li
,
Y.
, 2007, “
Design Modification of a 3-PRC Compliant Parallel Micro Manipulator for Micro/Nano Scale Manipulation
,”
Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology
, pp.
426
431
.
25.
Xu
,
Q.
, and
Li
,
Y.
, 2007, “
Static and Dynamics Performance Evaluation for a High Precision XYZ Compliant Parallel Micromanipulator
,”
Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics
, pp.
65
70
.
26.
Han
,
C. S.
,
Hudgens
,
J. C.
,
Tesar
,
D.
, and
Traver
,
A. E.
, 1991, “
Modeling, Synthesis, Analysis, and Design of High Resolution Micromanipulator to Enhance Robot Accuracy
,”
IEEE/RSJ International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and Systems RIOS ’91
, pp.
1157
1162
.
27.
Howell
,
L. L.
, 2001,
Compliant Mechanisms
,
Wiley-Interscience
,
Canada
.
28.
Li
,
Y.
, and
Xu
,
Q.
, 2005, “
Novel Design of a 3-PUU Spatial Compliant Parallel Micromanipulator for Nanomanipulation
,”
IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation
, Vol.
3
, pp.
1575
1580
.
29.
Tang
,
X.
,
Chen
,
I. M.
, and
Li
,
Q.
, 2006, “
Design and Nonlinear Modeling of a Large-Displacement XYZ Flexure Parallel Mechanism With Decoupled Kinematic Structure
,”
Rev. Sci. Instrum.
0034-6748,
77
(
11
), p.
115101
.
30.
Dai
,
J. S.
, and
Zhao
,
T. S.
, 2002, “
Stiffness Characteristics and Kinematics Analysis of Two-Link Elastic Underactuated Manipulators
,”
J. Rob. Syst.
0741-2223,
19
(
4
), pp.
169
176
.
31.
Ottaviano
,
E.
,
Carbone
,
G.
, and
Ceccarelli
,
M.
, 2003, “
Workspace Analysis and Performances of a Binary Actuated Parallel Manipulator With Flexural Joints
,”
J. Mech. Eng. Sci.
0022-2542,
217
, pp.
313
330
.
32.
Stewart
,
D.
, 1965, “
A Platform With Six Degrees of Freedom
,”
Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng.
0020-3483,
180
, pp.
371
386
.
33.
Liu
P. K.
,
Qu
,
D. S.
,
Wang
,
L.
, and
Sun
,
L. N.
, 2002, “
Design and Analysis of 2-DOF Nanopositioning Stage Drived by PZT
,”
J. Piezoelectrics & Acou Stooptics
,
24
(
1
), pp.
31
34
. 1004-2474
34.
Waldron
,
K. J.
, and
Hunt
,
K. H.
, 1991, “
Series-Parallel Dualities in Actively Coordinated Mechanisms
,”
Int. J. Robot. Res.
0278-3649,
10
(
5
), pp.
473
480
.
35.
Bandyopadhyay
,
S.
, and
Ghosal
,
A.
, 2008, “
An Algebraic Formulation of Kinematic Isotropy and Design of Isotropic 6-6 Stewart Platform Manipulator
,”
Mech. Mach. Theory
0094-114X,
43
, pp.
591
616
.
36.
Vorndran
,
S.
, 2005,
Pi Catalog: The World of Micro-and Nanopositioning 2005/2006
,
PI-Polytec Group
,
Karlsruhe, Germany
, pp.
4
22
.
You do not currently have access to this content.