...Akash Patel; Joshua D. Summers; Beshoy Morkos; Sourabh Karmakar The objective of this research is to understand how different representations of requirements influence idea generation in terms of quantity, addressment, novelty, and variety of conceptual sketches. Requirements are testable...

...Nick Spivey; Joshua Ortiz; Akash Patel; Brian Davenport; Joshua D. Summers Generally, engineering design progresses from generating requirements to developing concepts. Despite this, educators observe that students have ideas for the eventual solution before fully defining the problem. Thus...

... to redesign as approaches to address the emergence of future requirements. Net present value (NPV) analyses of several real world applications are examined from the perspective of manufacturers (i.e., defense contractors, automobile, pharmaceutical, and microprocessor manufactures) and customers (i.e...