A study of the effect of tool–sheet interaction on damage evolution in electromagnetic forming is presented. Free form and conical die experiments were carried out on 1 mm AA5754 sheet. Safe strains beyond the conventional forming limit diagram (FLD) were observed in a narrow region in the free form experiments, and over a significant region of the part in the conical die experiments. A parametric numerical study was undertaken, that showed that tool–sheet interaction had a significant effect on damage evolution. Metallographic analysis was carried out to quantify damage in the parts and to confirm the numerical results.
1.
Wagner, H. J., and Boulger, F. W., “High Velocity Metalworking Processes Based on the Sudden Release of Electrical of Electrical Energy,” Memorandum prepared by the Battle Memorial Institute for the Defense Metals Information Center, 1960.
2.
Yudaev
, V. D.
, 1989
, “Manufacture of Large Sheet-Metal Parts by Incremental Electromagnetic Forming
,” Kuznechno-Shtampovochnoe Proizvodstvo (Forging and Stamping Industry Journal)
, 7
, pp. 1
–2
.3.
Balanethiram
, V. S.
, and Daehn
, G. S.
, 1994
, “Hyperplasticity: Increased Forming Limits at High Workpiece Velocity
,” Scr. Metall. Mater.
, 30
, pp. 515
–520
.4.
Balanethiram, V. S., 1996, “Hyperplasticity: Enhanced Formability of Sheet Metals at High Workpiece Velocities,” Ph.D. Thesis, The Ohio State University.
5.
Vohnout, V. S., 1998, “A Hybrid Quasi-Static/Dynamic Process for Forming Large Sheet Metal Parts From Aluminum Alloys,” Ph.D. thesis, The Ohio State University.
6.
Oliveira
, D.
, Worswick
, M. J.
, and Finn
, M.
, 2001
, “Simulation of Electromagnetic Forming of Aluminum Alloy Sheet,” SAE Paper 2001-01-0824, SAE Trans.
, SAE Trans.
, 110, Section 5
, pp. 687
–695
.7.
Oliveira, D. A., Worswick, M. J., and Finn, M., 2001, “Finite Element Modeling of the Electromagnetic Forming of Aluminum Alloy Sheet,” Proceedings of The 4th International ESAFORM Conference on Material Forming V. II, Liege, Belgium, pp. 773–776.
8.
Oliveira, D. A., 2002, “Electromagnetic Forming of Aluminum Alloy Sheet: Experiment and Model,” Masters of Applied Science thesis, University of Waterloo.
9.
Oliveira
, D. A.
, and Worswick
, M. J.
, 2003
, “Electromagnetic Forming of Aluminum Alloy Sheet
,” J. Phys. IV
, 110, EDP Sciences, Les Ulis, DOI: 10.1051/jp4:20030709
, pp. 293
–298
.10.
Belyy, I. V., Fertik, S. M., and Khimenko, L. T., Electromagnetic Metal Forming Handbook, 1977. Translation by Altynova, M. M, 1996. Available from the Hyperplastic Forming Consortium at the Ohio State University.
11.
Tanaka, K., and Nojima, T., 1976, “Strain Rate Tests of Aluminum Alloys Under High Strain Rate,” The 19th Japan Congress of Materials Research-Metallic Materials, pp. 48–52.
12.
Tobe
, T.
, Kata
, M.
, and Obara
, H.
, 1979
, “Metal Forming by Underwater Wire Explosion 1, An Analysis of Plastic Deformation of Circular Membranes Under impulsive loading
,” Bull. JSME
, 164
, pp. 271
–278
.13.
Oosterkamp
, L.
, Ivankovic
, A.
, and Venizelos
, G.
, 2002
, “High Strain Rate Properties of Selected Aluminum Alloys
,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A
, 278
, pp. 225
–235
.14.
Regazzoni
, G.
, Johnson
, J. N.
, and Follansbee
, P. S.
, 1986
, “Theoretical Study of the Dynamic Tensile Test
,” J. Appl. Mech.
, 53
, pp. 519
–528
.15.
Hu
, X.
, and Daehn
, G. S
, 1996
, “Effect of Velocity on Flow Localization in Tension
,” Acta Mater.
, 44
(3
), pp. 1021
–1033
.16.
Rajendran
, A. M.
, and Fyfe
, I. M.
, 1982
, “Inertia Effects on the Ductile Failure of Thin Rings
,” J. Appl. Mech.
, 49
, pp. 31
–36
.17.
Altynova
, M.
, Hu
, X.
, and Daehn
, G. S.
, 1996
, “Increased Ductility in High Velocity Electromagnetic Ring Expansion
,” Metall. Mat. Trans. A
, 27A
, pp. 1837
–1844
.18.
Tamhane
, A. A.
, Altynova
, M.
, and Daehn
, G. S.
, 1996
, “Effect of Sample Size on Ductility in Electromagnetic Ring Expansion
,” Sripta Materialia
, 34
(8
), pp. 1345
–1350
.19.
Golovashchenko, S., 1999, “Numerical and Experimental Results on Pulsed Tube Calibration,” Proceedings of the TMS annual meeting: Sheet metal forming technology, M. Demeri ed., San Diego, Ca., pp. 117–127.
20.
Daehn, G. S., Vohnout, V. and Datta, S., 2000, “Hyperplastic Forming: Process Potential and Factors Affecting Formability,” Superplasticity and Superplastic Forming-MRS Symposium Proceedings, P. Berbon, M. Berbon, T. Sakuma and T. Langdon eds., 601, pp. 247–253.
21.
Imbert, J. M et al., 2003, “Damage Prediction in Aluminum Alloy Sheet Electromagnetic Forming,” Proceedings of Plasticity’03: The Tenth International Symposium on Plasticity and its Current Applications, A. Khan ed., Quebec City, pp. 178–180.
22.
Lewandowski
, J. J.
, and Lowhaphandu
, P.
, 1998
, “Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure on Mechanical Behavior and Deformation Processing of Materials
,” Int. Mater. Rev.
, 43
(4
), pp. 145
–187
.23.
IAP Research Inc. 2003. Magnepress System product information. http://www.iap.com/2col.html.
24.
Lee, Y., 2001, “Formability of Aluminum Alloy Tailor Welded Blank,” Masters of Applied Science thesis, University of Waterloo.
25.
Winkler, S. L., 2003, Unpublished work. Research Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2003.
26.
Hallquist, J., 1998, “LS-DYNA Theoretical Manual,” Livermore software technology corporation.
27.
Gurson
, A. L.
, 1977
, “Continuum Theory of Ductile Rupture by Void Nucleation and Growth: Part 1-Yield Criteria and Flow Rules for Porous Ductile Media
,” J. Eng. Mater. Technol.
, 99
, pp. 2
–15
.28.
Tvergaard
, V.
, 1981
, “Influence of Voids on Shear Band Instabilities Under Plane Strain Conditions
,” Int. J. Fract.
, 37
(4
), pp. 389
–407
.29.
Tvergaard
, V.
, and Needleman
, A.
, 1984
, Analysis of the Cup-one Fracture in a Round Tensile Bar
, Acta Metall.
, 32
, p. 157
157
.30.
Worswick
, M. J.
, and Pelletier
, P.
, 1998
, “Numerical Simulation of Ductile Fracture During High Strain Rate Deformation
,” Eur. Phys. J.: Appl. Phys.
, 4
, pp. 257
–267
.31.
Lievers, B., 2001, “Effect of Void Damage and Shear Band Development on the Bendability of AA611 Automotive Aluminum Alloy Sheet,” Masters of Applied Science Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2001.
32.
Chen, Z., 2003. Unpublished work. Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
33.
Al-Hassani, S. T. S., 1975, “Magnetic Pressure Distributions in Sheet Metal Forming,” Electrical Methods of Machining, Forming and Coating. Inst. Electr. Eng. Conf. Publ., No. 1975, pp. 1–10.
34.
El-Azab
, A.
, Garnich
, M.
, and Kapoor
, A.
, 1975
, “Modeling of the Electromagnetic Forming of Sheet Metals: State-of-the-art and Future Needs
” J. Mater. Process. Technol.
, 142
, pp. 744
–754
.35.
Takatsu
, N.
, Kato
, M.
, Sato
, K.
, and Tobe
, T.
, 1988
, “High Speed Forming of Metal Sheets by Electromagnetic Force
” JSME Int. J., Ser. III
, 142
(1
), pp. 142
–148
.36.
Fenton
, G. K.
, and Daehn
, G. S.
, 1998
, “Modeling of Electromagnetically Formed Sheet Metal
” J. Mater. Process. Technol.
, 75
, pp. 6
–16
.Copyright © 2005
by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.