...T. A. Palmer; J. W. Elmer Process control in electron beam welding is typically based on control of machine settings, such as accelerating voltage, beam current, focus coil current, and vacuum level. These settings, though important, provide little insight into the characteristics of the beam used...

... May 2003 18 03 2004 aluminium alloys electron beam welding minimisation distortion plastic deformation shrinkage transient analysis bending plasticity Since welding distortion is a substantial factor in good welding quality, many approaches to minimize it have been...