.... The governing continuity, Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer momentum, and local thermal non-equilibrium energy equations are solved by the spectral-element method. Attention is focused on how the spacing parameter SP ∈ [1.5, 3.0] (the space between cylinder centers) affects the local and average heat transfer from...

... transpiration cooling nonequilibrium flow mass transfer plates (structures) flow through porous media analytical solution local thermal non-equilibrium transpiration cooling Transpiration cooling has been proven an efficient way of thermal protections by many investigations ( 1 2 3 4 5...