Numerical Simulations of Heat and Mass Transfer Process of a Direct Evaporative Cooler From a Porous Layer

This paper deals with the numerical study of the combined heat and mass exchanges in the process of direct evaporative cooler, from a porous media of laminar air flow between two parallel insulated walls. The numerical model implements momentum, energy, and mass conservation equations of humid air and water flow incorporating non-Darcian model in the porous region. The finite volume method is used for the mathematical model resolution, and the velocity–pressure coupling is treated with the SIMPLE algorithm. The main objective of this study is to examine the influences of ambient conditions and the porous medium properties (porosity and porous layer thickness) on the direct evaporative cooling performance from a porous layer. The major results of this study demonstrate that the porous evaporative wall could, in a satisfying manner, reduce the bulk air temperature. The better cooling performance can be achieved for lower air mass flow at the entrance and relative humidity. Additionally, the evaporative cooler is more effective for a high porosity and a thick porous medium, with an improvement achieving 23% for high porosity.