Modern superalloys have enabled high pressure turbine (HPT) blades in gas turbine engines (GTE) to operate at higher temperatures. Unfortunately, the complexity of these materials can make it difficult to understand the failure mechanisms of these blades. HPT blades made of the nickel-based superalloy Mar-M002 have been found to suffer from stress assisted grain boundary oxidation (SAGBO) cracking. HPT blades removed from an RB211-24C aeroderivative industrial GTE were sectioned, and the cracks and microstructure were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). No cracks were found on the external surface of the blade, which had been coated with an oxidation resistant material. Surface irregularities were found along the walls of the inner cooling channels throughout the entire blade. Larger SAGBO cracks were observed to be near the lower 25% span of the blade and had initiated from the surfaces of the cooling channels. SEM/EDS analyses showed that these cracks had large amounts of alumina and hafnium-rich particles within them. It is evident that these cracks occurred in locations where the combination of high stress and high temperature led to higher rates of oxygen diffusion and subsequent oxidation of grain boundary carbides. Hafnium carbide precipitates along the grain boundaries expanded as they converted into hafnium oxide, thus further increasing the stress. It is envisaged that this increase in stress along the grain boundary has caused the cracks to initiate and coalesce. Based on this observation, it is believed that the inner cooling channels of these HPT blades could benefit from the application of an oxidation resistant coating in order to prevent or delay the formation of these cracks.
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e-mail: aselvig@connect.carleton.ca
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August 2011
Research Papers
Investigation of Stress Assisted Grain Boundary Oxidation Cracking in MAR-M002 High Pressure Turbine Blades
Austin Selvig,
Austin Selvig
Department of Mechanical Aerospace Engineering,
e-mail: aselvig@connect.carleton.ca
Carleton University
, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
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Xiao Huang,
Xiao Huang
Department of Mechanical Aerospace Engineering,
Carleton University
, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
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Mike Hildebrand,
Mike Hildebrand
Dawn Operations Centre,
Union Gas Limited
, P.O. Box 1180, Dresden, ON, N0P 1M0, Canada
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David Stek
David Stek
Dawn Operations Centre,
Union Gas Limited
, P.O. Box 1180, Dresden, ON, N0P 1M0, Canada
Search for other works by this author on:
Austin Selvig
Department of Mechanical Aerospace Engineering,
Carleton University
, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canadae-mail: aselvig@connect.carleton.ca
Xiao Huang
Department of Mechanical Aerospace Engineering,
Carleton University
, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
Mike Hildebrand
Dawn Operations Centre,
Union Gas Limited
, P.O. Box 1180, Dresden, ON, N0P 1M0, Canada
David Stek
Dawn Operations Centre,
Union Gas Limited
, P.O. Box 1180, Dresden, ON, N0P 1M0, CanadaJ. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. Aug 2011, 133(8): 082101 (8 pages)
Published Online: April 8, 2011
Article history
Received:
July 5, 2010
Revised:
July 7, 2010
Online:
April 8, 2011
Published:
April 8, 2011
Citation
Selvig, A., Huang, X., Hildebrand, M., and Stek, D. (April 8, 2011). "Investigation of Stress Assisted Grain Boundary Oxidation Cracking in MAR-M002 High Pressure Turbine Blades." ASME. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. August 2011; 133(8): 082101. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4002821
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