..., and calorific value are marginal. The injector flow and macroscopic spray characteristics are investigated for fresh and oxidized biodiesel using a constant volume spray chamber at different chamber and injection pressures. The results indicate a similar fuel flowrate and injection velocity for the fresh...

... and atomization effects. Hence, in this study, the spray characteristics have been examined in addition to the typical combustion and emission characteristics. In general, spray properties changes are based on the viscosity of the fuel used. Utilizing the higher viscous fluid in the engine creates havoc on liquid...

... been conducted on the influences of hydrous ethanol, gasoline, and hydrous ethanol–gasoline blends on spray characteristics, especially the phenomenon of flash boiling. In this investigation, the spray characteristics of hydrous ethanol and gasoline have been conducted using a constant volume chamber...

... in longer fuel spray penetration length (L s ) and reduced spray cone angle (A s ). However, AP variation showed an exactly opposite trend of L s and A s . Increasing AP resulted in shorter L s and increased A s . Fuel properties also affected the spray characteristics, which slightly improved for lower...