The impact of frictional forces on the overall forces when drilling with a PDC bit has previously been implied by models and by single cutter and bit tests. This report describes new experiments to measure friction between three different bit surface materials and two different rocks over a wide range of normal stresses in up to four different fluids. Polished PDC cutters are shown to have lower frictional forces on the face of the cutter than standard cutters in both water and mineral oil. The measured friction coefficients were generally higher than reported in previous studies.

Issue Section:
Technical Papers
Keywords:
oil technology, friction, rocks, fluids
Topics:
Friction, Polycrystalline diamond compact bits, Rocks, Stress, Fluids, Shear (Mechanics)
1.
API, 1998, Joint Association Survey on 1998 Drilling Costs, API, Washington, DC, p. 13.
2.
API, 1999, Joint Association Survey on 1999 Drilling Costs, API, Washington, DC, p. 13.
3.
Bourgoyne, A. T. Jr., Millheim, K. K., Chenevert, M. E., and Young, F. S. Jr., 1986, Applied Drilling Engineering, SPE, Richardson, TX, p. 32.
4.
Woods
,
H. B.
,
1954
, “
How Mud Pressures Affect Drilling Rate
,”
Oil & Gas Journal
,
13
, p.
149
149
.
5.
Warren, T. M., and Sinor, L. A., 1986, “Drag Bit Performance Modeling,” Proc. SPE ATCE, SPE 15618, New Orleans, LA.
6.
Glowka
,
D. A.
,
1989
, “
Use of Single-Cutter Data in the Analysis of PDC Bit Designs: Part 1–Development of a PDC Cutting Force Model
,”
JPT
, SPE, Richardson, TX, August, pp.
797
–
849
.
7.
Detournay
,
E.
, and
Defourny
,
P.
,
1992
, “
A Phenomenological Model for the Drilling Action of Drag Bits
,”
Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr.
, Permagon Press, Great Britain,
29
, No.
1
, pp.
13
–
23
.
8.
Wojtanowicz
,
A. K.
, and
Kuru
,
E.
,
1993
, “
Mathematical Modeling of PDC Bit Drilling Process Based on a Single-Cutter Mechanics,” ASME
ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
,
115
, p.
247
247
.
9.
Pirlian, T., 1994, Contact Interaction Under PDC Cutter Loading, M.S. thesis, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK.
10.
Ziaja, M. B., 1997, “Rock Bit Imbalance Force Prediction,” Proc., Annual Tech. Meeting, The Petroleum Society of CIM, Calgary, AB, Canada.
11.
Hibbs, L. A., and Sogoian, G. C., 1983, Wear Mechanisms for Polycrystalline Diamond Compacts as Utilized for Drilling in Geothermal Environments—SAND82 7213, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, Supplement pp. 4–60.
12.
Smith, R. H., Lund, J. B., Anderson, M., and Baxter, R., 1995, “Drilling Plastic Formations with Highly Polished PDC Cutters,” Proc. SPE ATCE, SPE 30476, Dallas, TX, pp. 277–292.
13.
Smith, J. R., and Lund, J. B., 2000, “Single Cutter Tests Demonstrate Cause of Poor PDC Bit Performance in Deep Shales,” Proc. ETCE/OMAE 2000, ASME, New Orleans, LA.
14.
Kuru, E., and Wojtanowicz, A. K., 1992, “An Experimental Study of Friction Induced by PDC Cutters During Rock Cutting,” Proc. Ann. Tech. Conf., The Petroleum Society of CIM, Calgary, AB Canada, 1992, pp. 29–1 to 29–9.
15.
Smith, J. R., 1995, Drilling Overpressured Shales with PDC Bits: A Study of Rock Characteristics and Field Experience Offshore Texas, M.S. thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA.
16.
Smith, J. R., 1998, Diagnosis of Poor PDC Bit Performance in Deep Shales, Ph.D. dissertation, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA.
17.
Smith, J. R., 1998, “Addressing the Performance of PDC Bit Performance in Deep Shales,” Proc. IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference, SPE 47814, Jakarta, Indonesia.
18.
Smith, J. R., 2000, “Performance Analysis of Deep PDC Bit Runs in Water-Based Muds,” Proc. ETCE/OMAE 2000, ASME, New Orleans, LA.
19.
Das, Braja M., 1994, Principles of Geotechnical Engineering, PWS Publishing, Boston, MA, pp. 321–329.
20.
Holtz, R. D., and Kovacs, W. D., 1981, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 458–460.
21.
Maurer
,
W. C.
,
1965
, “
Shear Failure of Rock under Compression
,”
SPE J.
, SPE, Richardson, TX, June, pp.
167
–
176
.
22.
Smith, J. R., Lund, J. B., and Galloway, R. K., 1999, “Direct Shear Tests to Imply Failure Stresses at Drill Bit,” Proc., 37th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium, Rock Mechanics for Industry, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 109–114.
23.
Kragelsky, I. V., Dobychin, M. N., and Kombalov, V. S., 1982, Friction and Wear Calculation Methods, Permagon Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 158–163.
24.
Ibrahim
,
R. A.
, and
Rivin
,
E.
,
1994
, “
Friction-induced Vibration
,”
Appl. Mech. Rev.
,
47
, No.
7
, July, pp.
209
–
223
.
25.
Terzaghi, K., Peck, R. B., and Mesri, G., 1996, Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, pp. 149–150.
26.
Geoffroy, H., Minh, D. N., Bergues, J., and Putot, C., 1998, “Frictional Contact on Cutters Wear Flat and Evaluation of Drilling Parameters of a PDC Bit,” Proc., SPE/ISRM Eurock ‘98, SPE/ISRM 47323, Trondheim, Norway, pp. 87–96.
Copyright © 2002
 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.