PNNL, under direction from DOE, conducted a screening analysis to determine the energy savings potential from the efficiency levels for commercial HVAC and water-heating equipment listed in Standard 90.1-1999, as well as the potential from several higher efficiency levels. We estimated the annual energy consumption for each type of equipment, at various efficiency levels, through engineering simulations for seven building types in 11 U.S. locations. We also conducted an economic analysis to identify the efficiency levels that would provide the highest value of economic benefits. From 2004 through 2030, the estimated national energy savings for the equipment meeting the Standard 90.1-1999 efficiency levels is about 3.8 exajoules (EJ) (3.6 quads).1 The total estimated carbon emissions reduction is 52 MMtons.

Issue Section:
Technical Papers
Keywords:
energy resources, heating, building management systems, water, power consumption, simulation, economics, standards
Topics:
Carbon, Cooling, Emissions, Energy consumption, Heating, Hot water heating, HVAC equipment, Stress, Simulation
1.
Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA), 42 USC 62901, et seq.
2.
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT), Public Law 102-486, 1096 Stat 2776.
3.
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1989, ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-1989, “Energy Efficient Design of New Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings,” Atlanta, GA.
4.
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1999, ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999, “Energy Standards for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings,” Atlanta, GA.
5.
Somasundaram, S., Armstrong, P. R., Belzer, D. B., Gaines, S. C., Hadley, D. L., Katipamula, S., Smith, D. L., and Winiarski, D. W., 2000, Screening Analysis for EPACT-Covered Commercial HVAC and Water-Heating Equipment, PNNL-13232, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
6.
Energy Information Administration (EIA), 1995, 1995 Commercial Building Energy Consumption and Expenditures (CBECS), Public Use Data, Micro-data files on EIA website: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs/microdat.html
7.
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1997, ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, Chap. 26, Atlanta, GA.
8.
Energy Information Administration (EIA), 1999, Supplement Tables for the Annual Energy Outlook 2000 on EIA website: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oief/aeo/supplement/index.html, Tables 11-20. U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
9.
Energy Information Administration (EIA), 1992, 1992 Commercial Building Consumption and Expenditures (CBECS), Public Use Data, Micro-data files on EIA website: ftp:/ftp.eia.doe.gov/pub/consumption/commercial/micro.data/
10.
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), 1999, GPRA Data Call, Fiscal Year 2001, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
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 by ASME
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