... behavior of the triphasic medium. Unfortunately, Lai et al. do not give expressions for the Helmholtz free energies A s , A f , A + , and A − , in order to derive Eqs. (46), (60), and (61) from the thermodynamic restrictions (26) and (27). 2 We highly appreciate...

... propensity of articular cartilage to three different mechanisms: Donnan osmosis, excluded volume effect, and chemical expansion stress. The aim of this study is to evaluate the thermodynamic plausibility of the triphasic theory. The free energy of a sample of articular cartilage subjected to a closed cycle...

... damage variable c = rate at which mass per unit volume is added or removed from the porous matrix structure Ψ˜ = specific free energy θ = local temperature η = specific entropy Q k = heat flux vector h * = part of the energy...