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Journal of Vibration and Acoustics | Volume 138 | Issue 6 | research-article
Research Papers

A Three-Dimensional Numerical Investigation of Air Pumping Noise Generation in Tires

[+] Author and Article Information
Prashanta Gautam

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron,
Akron, OH 44325
e-mail: pg37@zips.uakron.edu

Abhilash J. Chandy

Associate Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Akron,
Akron, OH 44325
e-mail: achandy@uakron.edu

1Corresponding author.

Contributed by the Noise Control and Acoustics Division of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS. Manuscript received January 28, 2016; final manuscript received July 5, 2016; published online August 8, 2016. Assoc. Editor: Sheryl M. Grace.

J. Vib. Acoust 138(6), 061005 (Aug 08, 2016) (11 pages) Paper No: VIB-16-1057; doi: 10.1115/1.4034100 History: Received January 28, 2016; Revised July 05, 2016
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Tire noise reduction is an important aspect of overall vehicle noise reduction. However, due to the complex nature of tire noise generation and correlation between various generation mechanisms, it is difficult to isolate, predict, and control tire noise. Air-related noise generation mechanisms in tires are tough to predict experimentally, resulting in the need for an accurate numerical model. Computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) is used here to propose a numerical tool capable of predicting air-pumping noise generation. Slot deformations are prescribed by custom functions instead of using structural solvers and the rotation of tire is represented by using mesh motion and deformation techniques. Near-field and far-field acoustic characteristics are predicted using fluid dynamic equations and acoustic models. The use of various spectral analysis tools show that the proposed model is capable of predicting the high frequency air-pumping noise while also predicting other air-related mechanisms such as pipe resonance, Helmholtz resonance, and rotational turbulence. This study is intended to provide an understanding of the various air-related noise generation mechanisms so that numerical models can be used in the future to predict tire acoustics economically and effectively.
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Figures

Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 1

Schematic diagram showing different stages of deformation of a transverse tire slot during tire/road interaction of a rotating tire

+Schematic diagram showing different stages of deformation of a transverse tire slot during tire/road interaction of a rotating tire
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Schematic diagram showing different stages of deformation of a transverse tire slot during tire/road interaction of a rotating tire
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Fig. 2

Initial tetrahedral mesh (a) view from the symmetry plane, showing tetrahedral inner mesh and hexahedral outer mesh, (b) close-up view of two transverse slots, meshed using hexahedral elements, and (c) close-up view of contact patch generated by cutting off tangential surfaces

+Initial tetrahedral mesh (a) view from the symmetry plane, showing tetrahedral inner mesh and hexahedral outer mesh, (b) close-up view of two transverse slots, meshed using hexahedral elements, and (c) close-up view of contact patch generated by cutting off tangential surfaces
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Initial tetrahedral mesh (a) view from the symmetry plane, showing tetrahedral inner mesh and hexahedral outer mesh, (b) close-up view of two transverse slots, meshed using hexahedral elements, and (c) close-up view of contact patch generated by cutting off tangential surfaces
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 3

Computational mesh showing polyhedral mesh in near-field domain and hexahedral mesh in outer domain

+Computational mesh showing polyhedral mesh in near-field domain and hexahedral mesh in outer domain
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Computational mesh showing polyhedral mesh in near-field domain and hexahedral mesh in outer domain
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Fig. 4

Near-field and far-field receiver locations (in millimeter)

+Near-field and far-field receiver locations (in millimeter)
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Near-field and far-field receiver locations (in millimeter)
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Fig. 5

Pressure isocontours showing the propagation of pressure waves due to deformation of transverse slots on the downstream side of the tire

+Pressure isocontours showing the propagation of pressure waves due to deformation of transverse slots on the downstream side of the tire
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Pressure isocontours showing the propagation of pressure waves due to deformation of transverse slots on the downstream side of the tire
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 6

Half PSD spectra for (a) receiver 9 (trailing edge), (b) receiver 10 (side), and (c) receiver 11 (leading edge)

+Half PSD spectra for (a) receiver 9 (trailing edge), (b) receiver 10 (side), and (c) receiver 11 (leading edge)
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Half PSD spectra for (a) receiver 9 (trailing edge), (b) receiver 10 (side), and (c) receiver 11 (leading edge)
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 7

Time variation of acoustic energy (spectrograms) for (a) receiver 9 (trailing edge), (b) receiver 10 (side), and (c) receiver 11 (leading edge)

+Time variation of acoustic energy (spectrograms) for (a) receiver 9 (trailing edge), (b) receiver 10 (side), and (c) receiver 11 (leading edge)
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Time variation of acoustic energy (spectrograms) for (a) receiver 9 (trailing edge), (b) receiver 10 (side), and (c) receiver 11 (leading edge)
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 8

dBA spectra for various far-field receivers

+dBA spectra for various far-field receivers
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dBA spectra for various far-field receivers
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 9

Time variation of acoustic energy (spectrograms) for (a) receiver 1, (b) receiver 3, (c) receiver 4, (d) receiver 7, and (e) receiver 8

+Time variation of acoustic energy (spectrograms) for (a) receiver 1, (b) receiver 3, (c) receiver 4, (d) receiver 7, and (e) receiver 8
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Time variation of acoustic energy (spectrograms) for (a) receiver 1, (b) receiver 3, (c) receiver 4, (d) receiver 7, and (e) receiver 8
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Fig. 10

Horizontal circular plane of radius 7.5 m for collection of wayside noise measurement data

+Horizontal circular plane of radius 7.5 m for collection of wayside noise measurement data
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Horizontal circular plane of radius 7.5 m for collection of wayside noise measurement data
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Fig. 11

Polar plots of SPL (dBA) for different 1/3 Octave frequency bands, at a location 7.5 m from tire, concentric circles represent dBA

+Polar plots of SPL (dBA) for different 1/3 Octave frequency bands, at a location 7.5 m from tire, concentric circles represent dBA
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Polar plots of SPL (dBA) for different 1/3 Octave frequency bands, at a location 7.5 m from tire, concentric circles represent dBA
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Fig. 12

Comparison of pressure signals for fine mesh (red) and coarse mesh (blue) at (a) receiver 9 (trailing edge), (b) receiver 10 (side), and (c) receiver 11 (leading edge)

+Comparison of pressure signals for fine mesh (red) and coarse mesh (blue) at (a) receiver 9 (trailing edge), (b) receiver 10 (side), and (c) receiver 11 (leading edge)
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Comparison of pressure signals for fine mesh (red) and coarse mesh (blue) at (a) receiver 9 (trailing edge), (b) receiver 10 (side), and (c) receiver 11 (leading edge)
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 13

Time variation of acoustic energy (spectrograms) presented by Takami and Furukawa [18] for (a) receiver 9 (trailing edge) and (b) receiver 11 (leading edge)

+Time variation of acoustic energy (spectrograms) presented by Takami and Furukawa [18] for (a) receiver 9 (trailing edge) and (b) receiver 11 (leading edge)
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Time variation of acoustic energy (spectrograms) presented by Takami and Furukawa [18] for (a) receiver 9 (trailing edge) and (b) receiver 11 (leading edge)

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