0
Journal of Vibration and Acoustics | Volume 138 | Issue 6 | research-article
Research Papers

Experimental and Numerical Validation of Digital, Electromechanical, Parametrically Excited Amplifiers

[+] Author and Article Information
Amit Dolev

Dynamics Laboratory,
Mechanical Engineering,
Technion,
Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Israel
e-mail: amitdtechnion@gmail.com

Izhak Bucher

Dynamics Laboratory,
Mechanical Engineering,
Technion,
Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Israel
e-mail: bucher@technion.ac.il

1Corresponding author.

Contributed by the Technical Committee on Vibration and Sound of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS. Manuscript received November 11, 2015; final manuscript received June 5, 2016; published online July 19, 2016. Assoc. Editor: Jeffrey F. Rhoads.

J. Vib. Acoust 138(6), 061001 (Jul 19, 2016) (14 pages) Paper No: VIB-15-1470; doi: 10.1115/1.4033897 History: Received November 11, 2015; Revised June 05, 2016
Article
References
Figures
Tables

A parametric amplifier having a tunable, dual-frequency pumping signal and a controlled cubic stiffness term is realized and investigated experimentally. This device can be tuned to amplify a desired, single frequency weak signal, well below resonance. The transition between a previously described theoretical model and a working prototype requires an additional effort in several areas: modeling, design, calibration, identification, verification, and adjustment of the theoretical model. The present paper describes these necessary steps and analyzes the results. Tunability is achieved here by adding a digitally controlled feedback, driving a linear mechanical oscillator with an electromechanical actuator. The main advantage of the present approach stems from the separation of the controlled parametric and nonlinear feedback terms which are linked to the resonating element. This separation allows for the realization of feedback in an electronic form where a digital implementation adds further advantages as the feedback coefficients can be tuned in situ. This arrangement benefits from the mechanical resonance of a structure and from the ability to set the parametric excitation such that it accommodates sinusoidal input signals over a wide range of frequencies. The importance of an in situ identification phase is made clear in this work, as the precise setting of model and feedback parameters was shown to be crucial for successful application of the amplifier. A detailed model-identification effort is described throughout this paper. It has been shown through identification that the approach is robust despite some modeling uncertainties and imperfections.
Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Your Session has timed out. Please sign back in to continue.

References

1
Rhoads, J. F. , Miller, N. J. , Shaw, S. W. , and Feeny, B. F. , 2008, “ Mechanical Domain Parametric Amplification,” ASME J. Vib. Acoust., 130(6), p. 061006. [CrossRef]
2
Billah, K. Y. , 2004, “ On the Definition of Parametric Excitation for Vibration Problems,” J. Sound Vib., 270(1–2), pp. 450–454. [CrossRef]
3
Rugar, D. , and Grütter, P. , 1991, “ Mechanical Parametric Amplification and Thermomechanical Noise Squeezing,” Phys. Rev. Lett., 67(6), pp. 699–702. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
4
Lacarbonara, W. , and Antman, S. , 2008, “ What is Parametric Excitation in Structural Dynamics?,” ENOC-2008, ENOC, Saint Petersburg, Russia, pp. 9–17.
5
Campanella, H. , 2010, Acoustic Wave and Electromechanical Resonators: Concept to Key Applications, Artech House, Norwood, MA.
6
Pierce, A. D. , 1981, Acoustics: An Introduction to Its Physical Principles and Applications, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
7
Bishop, O. , 1998, Understand Amplifiers, Newnes, Woburn, MA.
8
Kazimierczuk, M. K. , 2014, RF Power Amplifier, Wiley, West Sussex, UK.
9
Rebeiz, G. M. , 2004, RF MEMS: Theory, Design, and Technology, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.
10
Huang, X. M. H. , Manolidis, M. , Jun, S. C. , and Hone, J. , 2005, “ Nanomechanical Hydrogen Sensing,” Appl. Phys. Lett., 86(14), p. 143104. [CrossRef]
11
Ilic, B. , Yang, Y. , Aubin, K. , Reichenbach, R. , Krylov, S. , and Craighead, H. G. , 2005, “ Enumeration of DNA Molecules Bound to a Nanomechanical Oscillator,” Nano Lett., 5(5), pp. 925–929. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
12
Perkins, N. C. , 1992, “ Modal Interactions in the Non-Linear Response of Elastic Cables Under Parametric/External Excitation,” Int. J. Non-Linear Mech., 27(2), pp. 233–250. [CrossRef]
13
Kim, C. H. , Perkins, N. C. , and Lee, C. W. , 2003, “ Parametric Resonance of Plates in a Sheet Metal Coating Process,” J. Sound Vib., 268(4), pp. 679–697. [CrossRef]
14
Plat, H. , and Izhak, B. , 2013, “ Optimizing Parametric Oscillators With Tunable Boundary Conditions,” J. Sound Vib., 332(3), pp. 487–493. [CrossRef]
15
Shibata, A. , Ohishi, S. , and Yabuno, H. , 2015, “ Passive Method for Controlling the Nonlinear Characteristics in a Parametrically Excited Hinged-Hinged Beam by the Addition of a Linear Spring,” J. Sound Vib., 350, pp. 111–122. [CrossRef]
16
Rokhsari, H. , Kippenberg, T. J. , Carmon, T. , and Vahala, K. J. , 2005, “ Radiation-Pressure-Driven Micro-Mechanical Oscillator,” Opt. Express, 13(14), pp. 5293–5301. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
17
Baskaran, R. , and Turner, K. , 2003, “ Mechanical Domain Non-Degenerate Parametric Resonance in Torsional Mode Micro Electro Mechanical Oscillator,” 12th IEEE International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS 2003), Boston, MA, June 8–12, pp. 863–866.
18
Olkhovets, A. , Carr, D. W. , Parpia, J. M. , and Craighead, H. G. , 2001, “ Non-Degenerate Nanomechanical Parametric Amplifier,” 14th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2001), Interlaken, Switzerland, Jan. 25, pp. 298–300.
19
Nayfeh, A. H. , and Mook, D. T. , 2008, Nonlinear Oscillations, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany.
20
McLachlan, N. W. , 1964, Theory and Applications of Mathieu Functions, Dover Publications, New York.
21
Yakubovich, V. A. , and Starzhinskiĭ, V. M. , 1975, Linear Differential Equations With Periodic Coefficients, Wiley, New York.
22
Géradin, M. , and Rixen, D. J. , 2014, Mechanical Vibrations: Theory and Application to Structural Dynamics, Wiley, West Sussex, UK.
23
Hand, L. , Finch, J. , and Robinett, R. W. , 2000, “ Analytical Mechanics,” Am. J. Phys., 68(4), pp. 390–393. [CrossRef]
24
Rhoads, J. F. , and Shaw, S. W. , 2010, “ The Impact of Nonlinearity on Degenerate Parametric Amplifiers Rhoads,” Appl. Phys. Lett., 96(23), p. 234101. [CrossRef]
25
Zhang, W. , Baskaran, R. , and Turner, K. L. , 2002, “ Effect of Cubic Nonlinearity on Auto-Parametrically Amplified Resonant MEMS Mass Sensor,” Sens. Actuators, A, 102(1–2), pp. 139–150. [CrossRef]
26
DeMartini, B. E. , Rhoads, J. F. , Turner, K. L. , Shaw, S. W. , and Moehlis, J. , 2007, “ Linear and Nonlinear Tuning of Parametrically Excited MEMS Oscillators,” J. Microelectromech. Syst., 16(2), pp. 310–318. [CrossRef]
27
Adams, S. G. , Bertsch, F. M. , Shaw, K. A. , and MacDonald, N. C. , 1998, “ Independent Tuning of Linear and Nonlinear Stiffness Coefficients [Actuators],” J. Microelectromech. Syst., 7(2), pp. 172–180. [CrossRef]
28
Bruland, K. J. , Garbini, J. L. , Dougherty, W. M. , and Sidles, J. A. , 1998, “ Optimal Control of Ultrasoft Cantilevers for Force Microscopy,” J. Appl. Phys., 83(8), p. 3972. [CrossRef]
29
Khan, Z. , Leung, C. , Tahir, B. A. , and Hoogenboom, B. W. , 2010, “ Digitally Tunable, Wide-Band Amplitude, Phase, and Frequency Detection for Atomic-Resolution Scanning Force Microscopy,” Rev. Sci. Instrum., 81(7), p. 073704. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
30
Meyer-Baese, U. , 2007, Digital Signal Processing With Field Programmable Gate Arrays, Springer Science & Business Media, New York.
31
Dolev, A. , and Bucher, I. , 2015, “ A Parametric Amplifier for Weak, Low-Frequency Forces,” ASME Paper No. DETC2015-46273.
32
Dolev, A. , and Bucher, I. , 2016, “ Tuneable, Non-Degenerated, Nonlinear, Parametrically-Excited Amplifier,” J. Sound Vib., 361, pp. 176–189. [CrossRef]
33
Louisell, W. H. , 1960, Coupled Mode and Parametric Electronics, Wiley, New York.
34
Bucher, I. , and Shomer, O. , 2013, “ Asymmetry Identification in Rigid Rotating Bodies—Theory and Experiment,” Mech. Syst. Signal Process., 41(1–2), pp. 502–509. [CrossRef]
35
Darlow, M. S. , 2012, Balancing of High-Speed Machinery, Springer Science & Business Media, New York.
36
Nayfeh, A. H. , 2008, Perturbation Methods, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany.
37
Kim, C. H. , Lee, C.-W. , and Perkins, N. C. , 2003, “ Nonlinear Vibration of Sheet Metal Plates Under Interacting Parametric and External Excitation During Manufacturing,” ASME Paper No. DETC2003/VIB-48601.
38
Björck, A. , 1996, Numerical Methods for Least Squares Problems, SIAM, Philadelphia, PA.
39
Gao, F. X. Y. , and Snelgrove, W. M. , 1991, “ Adaptive Linearization of a Loudspeaker,” International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 91), Toronto, ON, Canada, Apr. 14–17, pp. 3589–3592.
40
Bucher, I. , and Halevi, O. , 2014, “ Optimal Phase Calibration of Nonlinear, Delayed Sensors,” Mech. Syst. Signal Process., 45(2), pp. 424–432. [CrossRef]
41
Minikes, A. , Bucher, I. , and Avivi, G. , 2005, “ Damping of a Micro-Resonator Torsion Mirror in Rarefied Gas Ambient,” J. Micromech. Microeng., 15(9), pp. 1762–1769. [CrossRef]
42
Ljung, L. , 1999, System Identification: Theory for the User, Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
43
Young, P. , and Jakeman, A. , 2007, “ Refined Instrumental Variable Methods of Recursive Time-Series Analysis Part III. Extensions,” Int. J. Control, 31(4), pp. 741–764. [CrossRef]

Figures

Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 1

A damped linear single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) oscillator with nonlinear and time dependent stiffness subjected to parametric excitation and direct excitation

+A damped linear single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) oscillator with nonlinear and time dependent stiffness subjected to parametric excitation and direct excitation
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
A damped linear single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) oscillator with nonlinear and time dependent stiffness subjected to parametric excitation and direct excitation
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 2

Nonlinear frequency response, analytical solution versus numerical simulation when the parametric amplifier is subjected to different direct excitation frequencies, and accordingly different pumping frequencies. The subfigures are divided into two domains, (I) contains a single stable solution branch and (II) contains two stable solution branches and a single U.S. solution branch. (a) Response amplitude near the natural frequency ωa/2≈ωn. (b) Response phase near the natural frequency. Analytical stable (S) branches are shown by continuous lines, analytical U.S. branches are shown by dashed lines, numerical results are shown by data markers.

+Nonlinear frequency response, analytical solution versus numerical simulation when the parametric amplifier is subjected to different direct excitation frequencies, and accordingly different pumping frequencies. The subfigures are divided into two domains, (I) contains a single stable solution branch and (II) contains two stable solution branches and a single U.S. solution branch. (a) Response amplitude near the natural frequency ωa/2≈ωn. (b) Response phase near the natural frequency. Analytical stable (S) branches are shown by continuous lines, analytical U.S. branches are shown by dashed lines, numerical results are shown by data markers.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Nonlinear frequency response, analytical solution versus numerical simulation when the parametric amplifier is subjected to different direct excitation frequencies, and accordingly different pumping frequencies. The subfigures are divided into two domains, (I) contains a single stable solution branch and (II) contains two stable solution branches and a single U.S. solution branch. (a) Response amplitude near the natural frequency ωa/2≈ωn. (b) Response phase near the natural frequency. Analytical stable (S) branches are shown by continuous lines, analytical U.S. branches are shown by dashed lines, numerical results are shown by data markers.
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 3

The SDOF experimental system consists of a linear voice-coil actuator, modular mass, displacement sensor, and leaf springs. The modular mass vibrates in the direction of y(t).

+The SDOF experimental system consists of a linear voice-coil actuator, modular mass, displacement sensor, and leaf springs. The modular mass vibrates in the direction of y(t).
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
The SDOF experimental system consists of a linear voice-coil actuator, modular mass, displacement sensor, and leaf springs. The modular mass vibrates in the direction of y(t).
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 4

Experimental system flowchart, including the peripheral devices, control and data-flow schematics. The control loop is programed in matlab using Simulink and realized by the digital signal processor, also serving as a data acquisition device. The control-loop feedback is the mass position, y(t).

+Experimental system flowchart, including the peripheral devices, control and data-flow schematics. The control loop is programed in matlab using Simulink and realized by the digital signal processor, also serving as a data acquisition device. The control-loop feedback is the mass position, y(t).
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Experimental system flowchart, including the peripheral devices, control and data-flow schematics. The control loop is programed in matlab using Simulink and realized by the digital signal processor, also serving as a data acquisition device. The control-loop feedback is the mass position, y(t).
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 5

An example of a measured and curve-fitted step response. Measurements—data points, fitted model—continuous line and error (model deviation)—data points.

+An example of a measured and curve-fitted step response. Measurements—data points, fitted model—continuous line and error (model deviation)—data points.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
An example of a measured and curve-fitted step response. Measurements—data points, fitted model—continuous line and error (model deviation)—data points.
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 6

Measured leaf springs force versus the mass deflection, measurements—data points and fitted models—continuous lines. (a) Linear spring model and (b) nonlinear, hardening (Duffing) spring model.

+Measured leaf springs force versus the mass deflection, measurements—data points and fitted models—continuous lines. (a) Linear spring model and (b) nonlinear, hardening (Duffing) spring model.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Measured leaf springs force versus the mass deflection, measurements—data points and fitted models—continuous lines. (a) Linear spring model and (b) nonlinear, hardening (Duffing) spring model.
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 7

Example of a measured and fitted step response. Measurements—data points and fitted model—continuous line.

+Example of a measured and fitted step response. Measurements—data points and fitted model—continuous line.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Example of a measured and fitted step response. Measurements—data points and fitted model—continuous line.
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 8

Steady-state amplitude under principal parametric excitation versus the relative offset of the pumping magnitude. Measured—data points, theoretical—continuous line, additional two analytical solutions for slightly higher pumping frequencies, for ωa=2(1.01ωn), and for ωa=2(1.005ωn).

+Steady-state amplitude under principal parametric excitation versus the relative offset of the pumping magnitude. Measured—data points, theoretical—continuous line, additional two analytical solutions for slightly higher pumping frequencies, for ωa=2(1.01ωn), and for ωa=2(1.005ωn).
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Steady-state amplitude under principal parametric excitation versus the relative offset of the pumping magnitude. Measured—data points, theoretical—continuous line, additional two analytical solutions for slightly higher pumping frequencies, for ωa=2(1.01ωn), and for ωa=2(1.005ωn).
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 9

Nonlinear frequency response. (a) Response amplitude near the natural frequency ωa/2≈ωn. (b) Response amplitude at the direct excitation frequency ωr. Analytical stable (S) branches are shown by continuous lines, analytical U.S. branch is shown by a dashed line, numerical and experimental results are shown by data markers.

+Nonlinear frequency response. (a) Response amplitude near the natural frequency ωa/2≈ωn. (b) Response amplitude at the direct excitation frequency ωr. Analytical stable (S) branches are shown by continuous lines, analytical U.S. branch is shown by a dashed line, numerical and experimental results are shown by data markers.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Nonlinear frequency response. (a) Response amplitude near the natural frequency ωa/2≈ωn. (b) Response amplitude at the direct excitation frequency ωr. Analytical stable (S) branches are shown by continuous lines, analytical U.S. branch is shown by a dashed line, numerical and experimental results are shown by data markers.
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 10

The nonlinear frequency response gain. Analytically computed gain of the theoretical model is shown by a line, continuous (S)—stable branch, dashed (U.S.)—U.S. branch. Numerically computed gain from the measurements is shown by data markers.

+The nonlinear frequency response gain. Analytically computed gain of the theoretical model is shown by a line, continuous (S)—stable branch, dashed (U.S.)—U.S. branch. Numerically computed gain from the measurements is shown by data markers.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
The nonlinear frequency response gain. Analytically computed gain of the theoretical model is shown by a line, continuous (S)—stable branch, dashed (U.S.)—U.S. branch. Numerically computed gain from the measurements is shown by data markers.
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 11

(a) The amplifier's amplitude near the natural frequency versus the direct excitation phase. (b) The amplifier's amplitude at the direct excitation frequency (ωr) versus the direct excitation phase. Analytical results are shown by continuous lines, experimental and numerical results—are shown by data markers.

+(a) The amplifier's amplitude near the natural frequency versus the direct excitation phase. (b) The amplifier's amplitude at the direct excitation frequency (ωr) versus the direct excitation phase. Analytical results are shown by continuous lines, experimental and numerical results—are shown by data markers.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
(a) The amplifier's amplitude near the natural frequency versus the direct excitation phase. (b) The amplifier's amplitude at the direct excitation frequency (ωr) versus the direct excitation phase. Analytical results are shown by continuous lines, experimental and numerical results—are shown by data markers.
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 12

(a) Amplitude near the natural frequency versus the direct excitation amplitude. (b) Amplitude at the direct excitation frequency versus the direct excitation amplitude. Analytical results are shown by continuous lines, numerical and experimental results are shown by data markers, and a fitted curve of the experimental results is shown by a continuous line.

+(a) Amplitude near the natural frequency versus the direct excitation amplitude. (b) Amplitude at the direct excitation frequency versus the direct excitation amplitude. Analytical results are shown by continuous lines, numerical and experimental results are shown by data markers, and a fitted curve of the experimental results is shown by a continuous line.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
(a) Amplitude near the natural frequency versus the direct excitation amplitude. (b) Amplitude at the direct excitation frequency versus the direct excitation amplitude. Analytical results are shown by continuous lines, numerical and experimental results are shown by data markers, and a fitted curve of the experimental results is shown by a continuous line.
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 13

Experimentally computed gain

+Experimentally computed gain
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Experimentally computed gain
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 14

The amplitude sensitivity near the natural frequency to variations in the direct excitation amplitude versus the direct excitation amplitude. Analytical sensitivity is shown by a continuous line, numerical sensitivity is shown by data markers, and the numerically computed sensitivity from the measurements using a fitted line is shown by a continuous line.

+The amplitude sensitivity near the natural frequency to variations in the direct excitation amplitude versus the direct excitation amplitude. Analytical sensitivity is shown by a continuous line, numerical sensitivity is shown by data markers, and the numerically computed sensitivity from the measurements using a fitted line is shown by a continuous line.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
The amplitude sensitivity near the natural frequency to variations in the direct excitation amplitude versus the direct excitation amplitude. Analytical sensitivity is shown by a continuous line, numerical sensitivity is shown by data markers, and the numerically computed sensitivity from the measurements using a fitted line is shown by a continuous line.
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 16

The amplitude sensitivity near the natural frequency to variations in the direct excitation amplitude versus the direct excitation amplitude. Analytical sensitivity is shown by a continuous line, numerical sensitivity is shown by data markers, the numerically computed sensitivity from the measurements is shown by data markers, and the numerically computed sensitivity from the measurements using a fitted line is shown by a continuous line.

+The amplitude sensitivity near the natural frequency to variations in the direct excitation amplitude versus the direct excitation amplitude. Analytical sensitivity is shown by a continuous line, numerical sensitivity is shown by data markers, the numerically computed sensitivity from the measurements is shown by data markers, and the numerically computed sensitivity from the measurements using a fitted line is shown by a continuous line.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
The amplitude sensitivity near the natural frequency to variations in the direct excitation amplitude versus the direct excitation amplitude. Analytical sensitivity is shown by a continuous line, numerical sensitivity is shown by data markers, the numerically computed sensitivity from the measurements is shown by data markers, and the numerically computed sensitivity from the measurements using a fitted line is shown by a continuous line.
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 15

The effect of sensitivity tuning (a) Amplitude near the natural frequency versus the direct excitation amplitude. (b) Amplitude at the direct excitation frequency versus the direct excitation amplitude. Analytical results are shown by continuous lines, numerical and experimental results are shown by data markers, and a fitted curve of the experimental results is shown by a continuous line.

+The effect of sensitivity tuning (a) Amplitude near the natural frequency versus the direct excitation amplitude. (b) Amplitude at the direct excitation frequency versus the direct excitation amplitude. Analytical results are shown by continuous lines, numerical and experimental results are shown by data markers, and a fitted curve of the experimental results is shown by a continuous line.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
The effect of sensitivity tuning (a) Amplitude near the natural frequency versus the direct excitation amplitude. (b) Amplitude at the direct excitation frequency versus the direct excitation amplitude. Analytical results are shown by continuous lines, numerical and experimental results are shown by data markers, and a fitted curve of the experimental results is shown by a continuous line.

Tables

Errata

Discussions

Some tools below are only available to our subscribers or users with an online account.

Related Content

Customize your page view by dragging and repositioning the boxes below.

Related Journal Articles
Related eBook Content
New Faulty Line Selection Technology Cooperated with Style and Control of Petersen Coils
International Conference on Instrumentation, Measurement, Circuits and Systems (ICIMCS 2011)
Brain Stimulation Resulting in Resonance W.R.T. Friss-Transmission Phenomenon ⇒Morphic Resonance
International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering, 4th (ICCAE 2012)
Nonlinear Resonance Response and Stability Analysis of the Mill Vertical System
International Conference on Instrumentation, Measurement, Circuits and Systems (ICIMCS 2011)
Comparisons of Gaussian ARTMAP and Distributed Gaussian ARTMAP Classifiers: The Category Proliferation Problem
Intelligent Engineering Systems through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 16
Modular Architecting for Effects Based Operations
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 17
Topic Collections

Sorry! You do not have access to this content. For assistance or to subscribe, please contact us:

  • TELEPHONE: 1-800-843-2763 (Toll-free in the USA)
  • EMAIL: asmedigitalcollection@asme.org
Sign In