0
Journal of Vibration and Acoustics | Volume 136 | Issue 6 | research-article
Research Papers

On the Apparent Propagation Speed in Transmission Line Matrix Uniform Grid Meshes

[+] Author and Article Information
Alexandre S. Brandão

Graduate Program in Electrical
and Telecommunications Engineering,
Universidade Federal Fluminense,
Niterói, RJ CEP 24210-240, Brasil
e-mail: abrand@operamail.com

Edson Cataldo

Graduate Program in Electrical
and Telecommunications Engineering,
Applied Mathematics Department,
Universidade Federal Fluminense,
Niterói, RJ CEP 24210-240, Brasil
e-mail: ecataldo@im.uff.br

Fabiana R. Leta

Graduate Program in Mechanical
Engineering,
Mechanical Engineering Department,
Universidade Federal Fluminense,
Niterói, RJ CEP 24210-240, Brasil
e-mail: fabiana@id.uff.br

1Corresponding author.

Contributed by the Technical Committee on Vibration and Sound of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS. Manuscript received January 2, 2014; final manuscript received September 2, 2014; published online October 6, 2014. Assoc. Editor: Thomas J. Royston.

J. Vib. Acoust 136(6), 061013 (Oct 06, 2014) (11 pages) Paper No: VIB-14-1001; doi: 10.1115/1.4028489 History: Received January 02, 2014; Revised September 02, 2014
Article
References
Figures
Tables
Citing Articles

Numerical models consisting of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) uniform grid meshes for the transmission line matrix method (TLM) currently use 2 and 3, respectively, to compensate for the apparent sound speed. In this paper, new compensation factors are determined from a priori simulations, performed without compensation, in 2D and 3D TLM one-section tube models. The frequency values of the first mistuned resonance peaks, obtained from these simulations, are substituted in the corresponding equations for the resonance frequencies in one-section tubes to find the apparent sound propagation speed in the mesh environment and, thus, the necessary compensation. The new factors have been tested in more complex models like a two-tube concatenation model and a realistic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-reconstructed human vocal tract (VT) model. Important VT modeling results confirm the improvement over the conventional compensation factors, particularly for frequencies above 4 kHz. Among these results are the identification of the spectral trough at about 5200 Hz caused by the piriform fossa and the application of a pitch extraction algorithm to the 3D TLM output signal, finding a difference smaller than 0.66% relatively to human voice pitch.
FIGURES IN THIS ARTICLE
<>
Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Your Session has timed out. Please sign back in to continue.

References

1
Johns, P. B., and Beurle, R. L., 1971, “Numerical Solution of 2-Dimensional Scattering Problems Using a Transmission-Line Matrix,” Proc. IEEE, 118(9), pp. 1203–1209. [CrossRef]
2
Cogan, D., O'Connor, W., and Pulko, S., 2006, Transmission Line Matrix in Computational Mechanics, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 102–104.
3
Scott, I., and de Cogan, D., 2008, “An Improved Transmission Line Matrix Model for the 2D Ideal Wedge Benchmark Problem,” J. Sound Vib., 311(3–5), pp. 1213–1227. [CrossRef]
4
Kagawa, Y., Tsuchiya, T., Fujii, B., and Fujioka, K., 1998, “Discrete Huygens' Model Approach to Sound Wave Propagation,” J. Sound Vib., 218(3), pp. 419–444. [CrossRef]
5
Portí, J. A., and Morente, J. A., 2001, “A Three-Dimensional Symmetrical Condensed TLM Node for Acoustics,” J. Sound Vib., 241(2), pp. 207–222. [CrossRef]
6
Kagawa, Y., Tsuchiya, T., Hara, T., and Tsuji, T., 2001, “Discrete Huygens' Modelling Simulation of Sound Wave Propagation in Velocity Varying Environments,” J. Sound Vib., 246(3), pp. 419–439. [CrossRef]
7
Chai, L., and Kagawa, Y., 2007, “Discrete Huygens' Modeling for the Characterization of a Sound Absorbing Medium,” J. Sound Vib., 304(3–5), pp. 587–605. [CrossRef]
8
Guillaume, G., Picaut, J., Dutilleux, G., and Gauvreau, B., 2011, “Time-Domain Impedance Formulation for Transmission Line Matrix Modelling of Outdoor Sound Propagation,” J. Sound Vib., 330(26), pp. 6467–6481. [CrossRef]
9
Yiyu, T., Inoguchi, Y., Sugawara, E., Otani, M., Iwaya, Y., Sato, Y., Matsuoka, H., and Tsuchiya, T., 2010, “A Real-Time Sound Field Renderer Based on Digital Huygens' Model,” J. Sound Vib., 330(17), pp. 4302–4312. [CrossRef]
10
Katsamanis, A., and Maragos, P., 2008, “A Fricative Synthesis Investigations Using the Transmission Line Matrix Method,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 123(5), p. 3741 [CrossRef]
11
Hoefer, W. J., 1985, “The Transmission-Line Matrix Method—Theory and Applications,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 33(10), pp. 882–893. [CrossRef]
12
Fontana, F., and Rocchesso, D., 2001, “Signal-Theoretic Characterization of Waveguide Mesh Geometries for Models of Two-Dimensional Wave Propagation in Elastic Media,” IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process., 9(2), pp. 152–161. [CrossRef]
13
Campos, G. R., and Howard, D. M., 2005, “On the Computational Efficiency of Different Waveguide Mesh Topologies for Room Acoustic Simulation,” IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process., 13(5), pp. 1063–1072. [CrossRef]
14
Murphy, D., Kelloniemi, A., Mullen, J., and Shelley, S., 2007, “Acoustic Modeling Using the Digital Waveguide Mesh,” IEEE Sig. Process. Mag., 24(2), pp. 55–66. [CrossRef]
15
Savioja, L., and Välimäki, V., 2003, “Interpolated Rectangular 3-D Digital Waveguide Mesh Algorithms With Frequency Warping,” IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process., 11(6), pp. 783–789. [CrossRef]
16
Fontana, F., 2003, “Computation of Linear Filter Networks Containing Delay-Free Loops, With an Application to the Waveguide Mesh,” IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process., 13(5), pp. 774–782. [CrossRef]
17
Speed, M. D. A., 2008, “Modelling Sound Propagation in the Vocal Tract With a Three-Dimensional Digital Waveguide Mesh,” Master's thesis, University of York, Heslington, UK.
18
Speed, M., Murphy, D., and Howard, D., 2013, “Three-Dimensional Digital Waveguide Mesh Simulation of Cylindrical Vocal Tract Analogs,” IEEE Trans. Audio, Speech, Lang. Process., 21(2), pp. 449–455. [CrossRef]
19
Speed, M., Murphy, D., and Howard, D., 2014, “Modeling the Vocal Tract Transfer Function Using a 3D Digital Waveguide Mesh,” IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio, Speech, Lang. Process., 22(2), pp. 453–464. [CrossRef]
20
Brandão, A. S., 2011, “Modelagem Acústica da Produção da voz Utilizando Técnicas de Visualização de Imagens Médicas Associadas a Métodos Numéricos,” PhD thesis, Universidade Federal Fluminense - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica (PGMEC), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
21
Brandão, A. S., Cataldo, E., and Leta, F. R., 2012, “Método de Línea de Transmisión Aplicado a la Acústica del Tracto Vocal a Través de un Modelo 3D Reconstruido,” Inf. Tecnol., 23(2), pp. 167–180. [CrossRef]
22
Motoki, K., 2002, “Three-Dimensional Acoustic Field in Vocal-Tract,” Acoust. Sci. Technol., 23(4), pp. 207–212. [CrossRef]
23
Nishimoto, H., and Akagi, M., 2006, “Effects of Complicated Vocal Tract Shapes on Vocal Tract Transfer Functions,” J. Signal Process., 10(4), pp. 267–270.
24
Dai, Z., Peng, Y., Mansy, H. A., Sandler, R. H., and Royston, T. J., 2014, “Comparison of Poroviscoelastic Models for Sound and Vibration in the Lungs,” ASME J. Vib. Acoust., 136(5), p. 050905. [CrossRef]
25
Kagawa, Y., Shimoyama, R., Yamabuchi, T., Murai, T., and Takarada, K., 1992, “Boundary Element Models of the Vocal Tract and Radiation Field and Their Response Characteristics,” J. Sound Vib., 157(3), pp. 385–403. [CrossRef]
26
Ozer, M. B., Acikgoz, S., Royston, T. J., Mansy, H. A., and Sandler, R. H., 2007, “Boundary Element Model for Simulating Sound Propagation and Source Localization Within the Lungs,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 122(1), pp. 657–671. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
27
Bapat, M. S., Shen, L., and Liu, Y. J., 2009, “Adaptive Fast Multipole Boundary Element Method for Three-Dimensional Half-Space Acoustic Wave Problems,” Eng. Anal. Boundary Elem., 33(8–9), pp. 1113–1123. [CrossRef]
28
Bouillard, P., Almeida, J. P. M., Decouvreur, V., and Mertens, T., 2008, “Some Challenges in Computational Vibro-Acoustics: Verification, Validation and Medium Frequencies,” Comput. Mech., 42(2), pp. 317–326. [CrossRef]
29
Snakowska, A., and Jurkiewicz, J., 2010, “Efficiency of Energy Radiation From an Unflanged Cylindrical Duct in Case of Multimode Excitation,” Acta Acust. Acust., 96(3), pp. 416–424. [CrossRef]
30
Joseph, P., Nelson, P., and Fisher, M., 1999, “Active Control of Fan Tones Radiated From Turbofan Engines. I. External Error Sensors,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 106(2), pp. 766–778. [CrossRef]
31
Hendee, W. R., and Ritenour, E. R., 2002, Medical Imaging Physics, Wiley-Liss, New York, p. 312.
32
Brandão, A. S., Leta, F. R., and Cataldo, E., 2013, “3D Mesh Extraction for Transmission Line Matrix (TLM) Modelling,” Design and Analysis of Materials and Engineering Structures, Advanced Structured Materials, Vol. 32, Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 167–176.
33
Brandão, A. S., 2010, “The ModaVox Software—O Modelador da Voz,” http://www.mec.uff.br/pdfteses/AlexandredeSouzaBrandao2011.pdf
34
Leta, F., Brandão, A., and Cataldo, E., 2011, “Semi-Automatic Segmentation of MR and CT Image Sequences Using a Self-Organizing Map and Texture Descriptors,” 18th International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing (IWSSIP), Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, June 16–18.
35
Ibanez, L., and Schroeder, W., 2005, The ITK Software Guide 2.4, 2nd ed., Kitware Inc., Clifton Park, NY.
36
Schroeder, W., Martin, K., and Lorensen, B., 2002, The Visualization Toolkit: An Object-Oriented Approach to 3-D Graphics, 3rd ed., Kitware Inc., Clifton Park, NY.
37
Si, H., 2002, “Tetgen: A Quality Tetrahedral Mesh Generator,” accessed Jan. 20, 2008, http://tetgen.berlios.de
38
Dang, C., “Kolourpaint Is a Free, Easy-to-Use Paint Program for KDE”, accessed Oct. 16, 2006, http://kolourpaint.sourceforge.net/
39
Mattis, P., and Kimball, S., “Gnu Image Manipulation Program,” accessed May 5, 2007, http://www.gimp.org/
40
Airas, M., Pulakka, H., Bäckström, T., and Alku, P., 2005, “A Toolkit for Voice Inverse Filtering and Parametrisation,” 9th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Interspeech’2005—Eurospeech), Lisbon, Portugal, Sept. 4–8, pp. 2145–2148.
41
Rabiner, L. R., and Schafer, R. W., 1978, Digital Processing of Speech Signals, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Chap. 3.
42
Fant, G., and Båvegård, M., 1997, “Parametric Model of VT Area Functions: Vowels and Consonants,” Speech Music Hearing, 38(1), pp. 1–20.
43
Dang, J., and Honda, K., 1997, “Acoustic Characteristics of the Piriform Fossa in Models and Humans,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 101(1), pp. 456–465. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
44
Cataldo, E., Leta, F. R., Lucero, J., and Nicolato, L., 2006, “Synthesis of Voiced Sounds Using Low-Dimensional Models of the Vocal Cords and Time-Varying Subglottal Pressure,” Mech. Res. Commun., 33(2), pp. 250–260. [CrossRef]
45
Fant, G., 1970, The Acoustic Theory of Speech Production, 2nd ed., Mouton, The Hague, The Netherlands, p. 66.
46
Brandão, A. S., Cataldo, E., and Leta, F. R., 2007, “Um Novo Método Usando Autocorrelação Para Extração da Freqüência Fundamental em Sinais de voz,” Tendências em Mat. Apl. Computacional (TEMA), 8(2), pp. 191–200. [CrossRef]
47
Johns, P., and O'Brien, M., 1980, “Use of the Transmission Line Modelling Method to Solve Nonlinear Lumped Networks,” Radio Electron. Eng., 50(1/2), pp. 59–70. [CrossRef]

Figures

Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 1

(a) Volume of interest (VOI) selection and (b) attribute setting to TLM nodes through the ModaVox interface

+(a) Volume of interest (VOI) selection and (b) attribute setting to TLM nodes through the ModaVox interface
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
(a) Volume of interest (VOI) selection and (b) attribute setting to TLM nodes through the ModaVox interface
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 2

Numerical dispersion in TLM (adapted from Ref. [2])

+Numerical dispersion in TLM (adapted from Ref. [2])
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Numerical dispersion in TLM (adapted from Ref. [2])
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 3

TLM meshes for tubes with 12 mm in diameter and 170 mm in length. Numbers from 0 to 3 define the boundary value code at Sec. 4.1. (a) and (b) 2D open and closed tubes (c) and (d) 3D open and closed tubes.

+TLM meshes for tubes with 12 mm in diameter and 170 mm in length. Numbers from 0 to 3 define the boundary value code at Sec. 4.1. (a) and (b) 2D open and closed tubes (c) and (d) 3D open and closed tubes.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
TLM meshes for tubes with 12 mm in diameter and 170 mm in length. Numbers from 0 to 3 define the boundary value code at Sec. 4.1. (a) and (b) 2D open and closed tubes (c) and (d) 3D open and closed tubes.
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 4

Frequency response functions for the one-section tube models with 12 mm in diameter and 170 mm in length. TLM simulations considering 2D and 3D cases D = 1 and c = 343.1 m/s at Eq. (2). (a) Open tube and (b) closed tube.

+Frequency response functions for the one-section tube models with 12 mm in diameter and 170 mm in length. TLM simulations considering 2D and 3D cases D = 1 and c = 343.1 m/s at Eq. (2). (a) Open tube and (b) closed tube.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Frequency response functions for the one-section tube models with 12 mm in diameter and 170 mm in length. TLM simulations considering 2D and 3D cases D = 1 and c = 343.1 m/s at Eq. (2). (a) Open tube and (b) closed tube.
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 5

Frequency response functions for the one-section tube models with 12 mm in diameter and 170 mm in length. The analytical resonance values are given according to Eqs. (3) and (4). Simulations considering c = 343.1 m/s at Eq. (2) with D = 2.238704168 and D = 3.35805625 for 2D and 3D TLM, respectively. (a) Open tube and (b) closed tube.

+Frequency response functions for the one-section tube models with 12 mm in diameter and 170 mm in length. The analytical resonance values are given according to Eqs. (3) and (4). Simulations considering c = 343.1 m/s at Eq. (2) with D = 2.238704168 and D = 3.35805625 for 2D and 3D TLM, respectively. (a) Open tube and (b) closed tube.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Frequency response functions for the one-section tube models with 12 mm in diameter and 170 mm in length. The analytical resonance values are given according to Eqs. (3) and (4). Simulations considering c = 343.1 m/s at Eq. (2) with D = 2.238704168 and D = 3.35805625 for 2D and 3D TLM, respectively. (a) Open tube and (b) closed tube.
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 6

Two-tube concatenation for the /a/ vowel. Numbers from 0 to 3 define the boundary value code at Sec. 4.1. (a) 2D model and (b) 3D model.

+Two-tube concatenation for the /a/ vowel. Numbers from 0 to 3 define the boundary value code at Sec. 4.1. (a) 2D model and (b) 3D model.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Two-tube concatenation for the /a/ vowel. Numbers from 0 to 3 define the boundary value code at Sec. 4.1. (a) 2D model and (b) 3D model.
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 7

Frequency response functions for the two-tube model representing the /a/ vowel. The analytical resonance values are the poles of Eq. (5). Simulations considering c = 343.1 m/s at Eq. (2) with (a) D = 2 and D = 2.238704168 for 2D TLM and (b) D = 3 and D = 3.35805625 for 3D TLM.

+Frequency response functions for the two-tube model representing the /a/ vowel. The analytical resonance values are the poles of Eq. (5). Simulations considering c = 343.1 m/s at Eq. (2) with (a) D = 2 and D = 2.238704168 for 2D TLM and (b) D = 3 and D = 3.35805625 for 3D TLM.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Frequency response functions for the two-tube model representing the /a/ vowel. The analytical resonance values are the poles of Eq. (5). Simulations considering c = 343.1 m/s at Eq. (2) with (a) D = 2 and D = 2.238704168 for 2D TLM and (b) D = 3 and D = 3.35805625 for 3D TLM.
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 8

Human VT TLM meshes for the /a/ vowel. Numbers from 0 to 3 define the boundary value code at Sec. 4.1. The indexes of the chosen output nodes are shown (the source node values are also stored in output files). The sagittal plane shows a slice from the MRI sequence. (a) 2D mesh and (b) 3D mesh shown translucent.

+Human VT TLM meshes for the /a/ vowel. Numbers from 0 to 3 define the boundary value code at Sec. 4.1. The indexes of the chosen output nodes are shown (the source node values are also stored in output files). The sagittal plane shows a slice from the MRI sequence. (a) 2D mesh and (b) 3D mesh shown translucent.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Human VT TLM meshes for the /a/ vowel. Numbers from 0 to 3 define the boundary value code at Sec. 4.1. The indexes of the chosen output nodes are shown (the source node values are also stored in output files). The sagittal plane shows a slice from the MRI sequence. (a) 2D mesh and (b) 3D mesh shown translucent.
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 9

3D TLM simulation on the /a/ vowel shaped VT meshes considering soft walls, the signal at Eq. (1) as input and c = 343.1 m/s at Eq. (2) with D = 3.35805625 (a) and (b) time-domain output signal, (c) and (d) FFT comparison (human voice versus TLM), (a) and (c) mesh with piriform fossa, (b) and (d) mesh without piriform fossa.

+3D TLM simulation on the /a/ vowel shaped VT meshes considering soft walls, the signal at Eq. (1) as input and c = 343.1 m/s at Eq. (2) with D = 3.35805625 (a) and (b) time-domain output signal, (c) and (d) FFT comparison (human voice versus TLM), (a) and (c) mesh with piriform fossa, (b) and (d) mesh without piriform fossa.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
3D TLM simulation on the /a/ vowel shaped VT meshes considering soft walls, the signal at Eq. (1) as input and c = 343.1 m/s at Eq. (2) with D = 3.35805625 (a) and (b) time-domain output signal, (c) and (d) FFT comparison (human voice versus TLM), (a) and (c) mesh with piriform fossa, (b) and (d) mesh without piriform fossa.
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 10

FFT plots (with versus without piriform fossa) for the 3D TLM simulation on the /a/ vowel shaped human VT mesh considering soft walls, the signal at Eq. (1) as input and c = 343.1 m/s at Eq. (2) with D = 3.35805625. (a) 4–6 kHz range and (b) 6–10 kHz range.

+FFT plots (with versus without piriform fossa) for the 3D TLM simulation on the /a/ vowel shaped human VT mesh considering soft walls, the signal at Eq. (1) as input and c = 343.1 m/s at Eq. (2) with D = 3.35805625. (a) 4–6 kHz range and (b) 6–10 kHz range.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
FFT plots (with versus without piriform fossa) for the 3D TLM simulation on the /a/ vowel shaped human VT mesh considering soft walls, the signal at Eq. (1) as input and c = 343.1 m/s at Eq. (2) with D = 3.35805625. (a) 4–6 kHz range and (b) 6–10 kHz range.
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 11

2D TLM simulation on the /a/ vowel shaped VT mesh considering soft walls, the signal at Eq. (1) as input and c = 343.1 m/s at Eq. (2) with D = 2.23870416. (a) Time-domain output signal and (b) FFT comparison (human voice versus TLM).

+2D TLM simulation on the /a/ vowel shaped VT mesh considering soft walls, the signal at Eq. (1) as input and c = 343.1 m/s at Eq. (2) with D = 2.23870416. (a) Time-domain output signal and (b) FFT comparison (human voice versus TLM).
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
2D TLM simulation on the /a/ vowel shaped VT mesh considering soft walls, the signal at Eq. (1) as input and c = 343.1 m/s at Eq. (2) with D = 2.23870416. (a) Time-domain output signal and (b) FFT comparison (human voice versus TLM).
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 12

(a) Glottal sound after average removal and amplitude enhancement and (b) frequency envelope of the glottal sound (note the harmonic reduction ratio of −4 dB/Oct)

+(a) Glottal sound after average removal and amplitude enhancement and (b) frequency envelope of the glottal sound (note the harmonic reduction ratio of −4 dB/Oct)
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
(a) Glottal sound after average removal and amplitude enhancement and (b) frequency envelope of the glottal sound (note the harmonic reduction ratio of −4 dB/Oct)
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 13

3D TLM simulation on the /a/ vowel shaped VT mesh with piriform fossa considering soft walls, the GS as input and c = 343.1 m/s at Eq. (2) with D = 3.35805625. (a) Time-domain output signal, (b) zoom in the segment of (a) from 0.3 to 0.4 s, and (c) FFT comparison (human voice versus TLM).

+3D TLM simulation on the /a/ vowel shaped VT mesh with piriform fossa considering soft walls, the GS as input and c = 343.1 m/s at Eq. (2) with D = 3.35805625. (a) Time-domain output signal, (b) zoom in the segment of (a) from 0.3 to 0.4 s, and (c) FFT comparison (human voice versus TLM).
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
3D TLM simulation on the /a/ vowel shaped VT mesh with piriform fossa considering soft walls, the GS as input and c = 343.1 m/s at Eq. (2) with D = 3.35805625. (a) Time-domain output signal, (b) zoom in the segment of (a) from 0.3 to 0.4 s, and (c) FFT comparison (human voice versus TLM).
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 14

A filter based on the frequency response of Fig. 12(b) is applied to the TLM simulation output signal of Fig. 13(a). Applying this filter to the GS of Fig. 12(a) and using it as input in a new simulation at the human 3D VT mesh gives the same result. (a) Time-domain signal in the 0 to 0.2 s interval and (b) FFT comparison (human voice versus TLM).

+A filter based on the frequency response of Fig. 12(b) is applied to the TLM simulation output signal of Fig. 13(a). Applying this filter to the GS of Fig. 12(a) and using it as input in a new simulation at the human 3D VT mesh gives the same result. (a) Time-domain signal in the 0 to 0.2 s interval and (b) FFT comparison (human voice versus TLM).
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
A filter based on the frequency response of Fig. 12(b) is applied to the TLM simulation output signal of Fig. 13(a). Applying this filter to the GS of Fig. 12(a) and using it as input in a new simulation at the human 3D VT mesh gives the same result. (a) Time-domain signal in the 0 to 0.2 s interval and (b) FFT comparison (human voice versus TLM).

Tables

Errata

Discussions

Some tools below are only available to our subscribers or users with an online account.

Related Content

Customize your page view by dragging and repositioning the boxes below.

Related Journal Articles
Related eBook Content
Application of Microscopic Simulation Technology in a Pre-Signal Control Method at a Complex Intersection
Proceedings of the International Conference on Technology Management and Innovation
A 14-Bit Cascaded 2-2-1 Sigma-Delta Modulator for Wideband Communication
International Conference on Future Computer and Communication, 3rd (ICFCC 2011)
Simulation and Experiment of Chaotic System for Detecting Weak Periodic Signal
International Conference on Information Technology and Computer Science, 3rd (ITCS 2011)
Low Power and Low Area Analog Multiplier Using MiFGMOS
International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering, 4th (ICCAE 2012)
The Study on Synthetic Aperture Radar Raw Signal Fast Simulation for SAR Interfering
International Conference on Mechanical and Electrical Technology, 3rd, (ICMET-China 2011), Volumes 1–3
Topic Collections

Sorry! You do not have access to this content. For assistance or to subscribe, please contact us:

  • TELEPHONE: 1-800-843-2763 (Toll-free in the USA)
  • EMAIL: asmedigitalcollection@asme.org
This site uses cookies. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our privacy policy. | Accept
Sign In